A strong oxidation-removal choice combines enough cleaning or polishing power for the paint condition with a finish that adds protection, making it suitable for drivers restoring dull bodywork at home. This roundup includes true waxes, cleaner waxes, compounds, polish-and-wax formulas, and sealants, so the right pick depends on how severe the oxidation is and what surface you are treating. Light oxidation and minor swirls suit one-step products such as Mothers California Gold Brazilian Carnauba Cleaner Wax or 3D Speed.
Heavier degradation may call for STAR BRITE Premium Restorer Wax or a dedicated compound such as Meguiar’s M49. Color-specific formulas can improve the appearance of black paint, while ceramic and synthetic sealant options emphasize water repellency or durability after correction.
For heavy to medium oxidation, STAR BRITE Premium Restorer Wax is the most directly matched wax because it is formulated to combat oxidation on boats and vehicles and adds UV and stain protection. For severe weathering or gel coat and fiberglass, Meguiar’s M49 Heavy Duty Oxidation Remover is the more specialized compound. Light oxidation and minor swirls are better suited to one-step options such as Mothers, 3D Speed, or Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Polish and Wax.
Car Wax Oxidation Removers: A Comparison
| Image | Product | Buy |
|---|---|---|
Best Pick 1 ![]() | STAR BRITE Premium Restorer Wax for Medium to Heavy Oxidation Best for: Heavy oxidation restoration Brand: STAR BRITE | Included Components: 1 bottle | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 2 ![]() | Meguiar's Ultimate Compound, Pro-Grade Car Scratch Remover, 15.2 Oz Best for: Scratch removal Brand: Meguiar's | Compatible Material: Paint | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 3 ![]() | Car Gods Black Carnauba Wax Polish, Pigmented Formula 3 in 1 Removes Surface Oxidation, Blemishes and Minor Scratches, 17 Fl Oz Best for: Pigmented oxidation removal Brand: Car Gods | Included Components: One Bottle | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 4 ![]() | Mothers California Gold Brazilian Carnauba Cleaner Wax, 12 oz. Paste, 05500 Best for: Carnauba cleaner wax Brand: Mothers | Included Components: Mothers 05500 California Gold Brazilian Carnauba Cleaner Wax Paste – 12 oz. | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 5 ![]() | Turtle Wax T-230A Rubbing Compound & Heavy Duty Cleaner – 10.5 Fl Oz. Best for: Heavy duty cleaning Brand: Turtle Wax | Included Components: Rubbing Compound, 10.5 oz., Pack of 6 | View on Amazon |
How We Compared These Products
We compared dimensions, capacity, materials, compatibility, included components, and care requirements across many Amazon listings. These details matter because the product must fit the available space, intended use, setup requirements, and maintenance routine. After examining the wider field, we selected 10 products from STAR BRITE, Meguiar’s, Car Gods, Mothers, Turtle Wax, 3D, T-Cut, and Chemical Guys.
The shortlist includes products such as STAR BRITE Premium Restorer Wax for Medium to Heavy Oxidation, Meguiar’s Ultimate Compound, and Car Gods Black Carnauba Wax Polish. Every recommendation is tied to information stated for that specific product; unclear or missing features were treated as unknown rather than filled with assumptions.
Detailed Reviews: Best Car Wax To Remove Oxidation
1. STAR BRITE Premium Restorer Wax for Medium to Heavy Oxidation

Best for: Heavy oxidation on colored hulls.
STAR BRITE Premium Restorer Wax expertly combats medium to heavy oxidation, restoring original brilliance to boats and vehicles. It provides a robust shield against stains and UV exposure, enhancing shine for a pristine finish on colored fiberglass hulls.
This wax is formulated for optimal results on colored fiberglass hulls, offering versatile application across diverse surfaces including cars. Its wax form allows for effective application, working to remove oxidation while simultaneously enhancing shine and providing protection. The 1.2-pound bottle includes one unit for comprehensive surface restoration.
Product Details
| Brand | STAR BRITE |
|---|---|
| Included Components | 1 bottle |
| Item Form | Wax |
| Item Weight | 1.2 pounds |
| Manufacturer | Star brite |
| Model Number | 086016 |
| Recommended Uses | Removes Oxidation, For Paint Protection |
Additional Product Information
| Additional Information | Important Information Proposition 65 Warning for California Consumers WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm – www.P65Warnings.ca.gov |
|---|
Pros
- Combats medium to heavy oxidation
- Restores original brilliance
- Offers UV and stain protection
- Suitable for colored fiberglass hulls
Cons
- May require significant effort for very deep oxidation.
Ideal for owners of colored fiberglass boats and vehicles experiencing moderate to severe oxidation, seeking a restored finish and lasting protection against the elements.
2. Meguiar’s Ultimate Compound, Pro-Grade Car Scratch Remover, 15.2 Oz

Best for: Clear coat safe scratch and swirl removal.
Meguiar's Ultimate Compound is a pro-grade car scratch remover that buffs out imperfections like scratches, swirls, and oxidation for a clear, perfect finish. Its advanced formula restores color and clarity, delivering a showroom shine in minutes.
This auto compound utilizes aluminum oxide or silicon carbide grit material to safely remove scratches and other defects without hazing on clear coats and all gloss paints. It dramatically reduces the time and effort needed to restore neglected paint finishes. The cream material is compatible with paint and can be applied by hand or with a DA polisher.
Product Details
| Brand | Meguiar's |
|---|---|
| Compatible Material | Paint |
| Grit Material | Aluminum Oxide or Silicon Carbide |
| Grit Material Type | Aluminum Oxide or Silicon Carbide |
| Included Components | Appearance Chemicals;Tire,Wheel,& Trim;automotive-tire-cleaners-and-polishes |
| Item Dimensions | 8.32 x 1.03 x 0.85 inches |
| Item Weight | 454 g |
Additional Product Information
| Dimensions | 8.32 x 1.03 x 0.85 inches |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Meguiar's |
| Material | cream |
| Model | G17216 |
| Warranty Description | Manufaturer warranty |
| Additional Information | Important Information Proposition 65 Warning for California Consumers WARNING: Cancer and Reproductive Harm – www.P65Warnings.ca.gov |
Pros
- Removes scratches, swirls, and oxidation
- Restores color and clarity
- Safe for clear coats and gloss paints
- Works by hand or with a DA polisher
Cons
- May not address very deep, structural paint damage.
Best for DIY enthusiasts and detailers needing to quickly correct minor paint imperfections and oxidation on clear coats, achieving a high-gloss finish with minimal effort.
3. Car Gods Black Carnauba Wax Polish, Pigmented Formula 3 in 1 Removes Surface Oxidation, Blemishes and Minor Scratches, 17 Fl Oz

Best for: Black paint restoration and protection.
Car Gods Black Carnauba Wax Polish features a 3-in-1 pigmented formula designed to restore, pigment, and protect black vehicle paintwork. Tiny black pigments enhance the color of black paint, while carnauba wax provides a hydrophobic protective layer.
This wax utilizes fine cleaning minerals to remove stubborn stains like oxidation, blemishes, and light scratches. The formula contains carnauba wax, leaving a protective, hydrophobic layer that helps keep paintwork cleaner. Its pigmented resins and wax technology offer an effortless way to remove surface blemishes and oxidation while adding a protective layer.
Product Details
| Brand | Car Gods |
|---|---|
| Included Components | One Bottle |
| Item Form | Wax |
| Item Weight | 0.55 kg |
| Manufacturer | Tetrosyl Ltd |
| Model Number | GOD642 |
| Recommended Uses | For Polishing, Removes Oxidation |
Additional Product Information
| Additional Information | Important information Ingredients Car Gods Black Carnauba Wax Polish Scratch Remover Paint Protection 500ml |
|---|
Pros
- 3-in-1: restores, pigments, protects
- Enhances black paint color
- Leaves a hydrophobic protective layer
- Removes oxidation, blemishes, and light scratches
Cons
- Primarily formulated for black paint finishes.
Suitable for owners of black vehicles looking to restore color depth, remove surface oxidation, and add a protective shine in a single, easy application.
4. Mothers California Gold Brazilian Carnauba Cleaner Wax, 12 oz. Paste, 05500

Best for: One-step paint cleaning and waxing.
Mothers California Gold Brazilian Carnauba Cleaner Wax offers a one-step formula that cleans, polishes, and protects paint for fast, effective results. It removes light oxidation and swirls, restoring clarity and improving the overall finish quality.
This paste wax combines Brazilian #1 yellow carnauba with a light polish to smooth minor imperfections, enhancing color, depth, and shine. The one-step plan for paint preservation cleans and protects in a single application. It's designed to deliver a rich, warm gloss and long-lasting protection for a classic carnauba shine.
Product Details
| Brand | Mothers |
|---|---|
| Included Components | Mothers 05500 California Gold Brazilian Carnauba Cleaner Wax Paste – 12 oz. |
| Item Form | Paste |
| Item Weight | 16 ounces |
| Manufacturer | Mothers |
| Model Number | 5500 |
| Package Size Name | 12 oz |
Additional Product Information
| Recommended Uses | Cleans, For Polishing, Removes Scratches |
|---|---|
| Warranty Description | Customer Satisfaction |
| Additional Information | Important information Ingredients Mothers 05500 California Gold Brazilian Carnauba Cleaner Wax Paste – 12 oz. |
Pros
- Cleans and waxes in one step
- Removes light oxidation and swirls
- Uses premium Brazilian #1 yellow carnauba
- Enhances color, depth, and shine
Cons
- May not be aggressive enough for heavy oxidation.
Perfect for car enthusiasts seeking a simple, effective way to clean, polish, and protect paint, especially those who appreciate the classic carnauba shine and ease of a single-step product.
5. Turtle Wax T-230A Rubbing Compound & Heavy Duty Cleaner – 10.5 Fl Oz.

Best for: Heavy-duty cleaning for weathered finishes.
Turtle Wax T-230A Rubbing Compound & Heavy Duty Cleaner is a paste formula designed for cleaning dull and badly weathered finishes. This heavy-duty cleaner effectively removes scratches and blemishes, and can also be used for oxidation removal.
This heavy-duty formula in paste form is ideal for tackling dull and badly weathered finishes, offering effective cleaning action. It helps remove scratches and blemishes, and is also suitable for addressing oxidation. Manufactured by a brand with over 60 years of experience, it's a robust option for surface restoration.
Product Details
| Brand | Turtle Wax |
|---|---|
| Included Components | Rubbing Compound, 10.5 oz., Pack of 6 |
| Item Form | Paste |
| Item Volume | 0.34 liters |
| Item Weight | 298 g |
| Manufacturer | Turtle Wax |
| Material Feature | Unscented |
Additional Product Information
| Material Features | Unscented |
|---|---|
| Model Number | T230A-6PK |
| Recommended Uses | Car care, removing scratches, and surface restoration |
| Size | 10.5 Ounce (Pack of 1) |
| Warranty Description | 1 year manufacturer |
| Additional Information | Important information Safety Information Caution: Test First in an inconspicuous area Ingredients Turtle Wax T-230A Rubbing Compound & Heavy Duty Cleaner – 10.5 oz. Directions Caution: Test First in an inconspicuous area |
Pros
- Heavy-duty cleaning formula
- Effective on dull, weathered finishes
- Removes scratches and blemishes
- Can be used for oxidation removal
Cons
- Requires careful application to avoid removing too much material.
Recommended for users with heavily weathered or dull car finishes needing a powerful cleaner to remove scratches and oxidation, suitable for various car care applications.
6. Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Car Polish and Wax, 14 oz. (Pack of 1)

Best for: All-in-one ceramic polish and wax.
Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Polish and Wax offers an all-in-one solution, combining polish, wax, and ceramic protection in one easy-to-use formula. It restores exterior car paint by polishing away light scratches, swirl marks, and oxidation.
This ceramic-infused gel formula creates a durable, hydrophobic shield, delivering extreme water beading and long-lasting protection. It uses precision polishing agents to clean and remove paint defects, restoring a smooth, flawless finish. This product is an ideal alternative to traditional multi-stage paint correction systems for complete paint restoration.
Product Details
| Brand | Turtle Wax |
|---|---|
| Included Components | Turtle Wax 53412 Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Polish and Wax – 14 Fl Oz. |
| Item Form | Gel |
| Item Weight | 28 g |
| Manufacturer | Turtle Wax |
| Model Number | 53412 |
| Package Size Name | Single Pack |
Additional Product Information
| Recommended Uses | For Polishing, Removes Scratches |
|---|---|
| Warranty Description | Warranty |
| Additional Information | Important Information Proposition 65 Warning for California Consumers WARNING: This product can expose you to chemicals including lead which is known to the State of California to cause cancer and birth defects or other reproductive harm. For more information go to www.P65Warnings.ca.gov |
Pros
- All-in-one polish, wax, and ceramic protection
- Removes light scratches, swirls, and oxidation
- Creates a durable hydrophobic shield
- Saves time and effort
Cons
- May not be sufficient for heavy oxidation or deep scratches.
Ideal for car owners seeking a time-saving, all-in-one solution to restore paint, remove light oxidation, and add ceramic protection for a smooth, flawless finish.
7. Meguiar’s M49 Heavy Duty Oxidation Remover, 16oz

Best for: Heavy-duty boat and RV oxidation remover.
Meguiar's M49 Heavy Duty Oxidation Remover is specifically made for specialized boat and RV finishes, effectively clearing problem surface degradation and oxidation on gel coat and fiberglass. Its powerful formula restores vibrance and a showroom shine.
This compound utilizes diminishing polishing compound abrasives, specifically aluminum oxide, to effectively remove defects like heavy oxidation, water spots, and scratches on gel coat and fiberglass surfaces. Feeder oils are incorporated to leave a 'like new' vibrance and remarkable showroom shine. It is designed for vehicles like boats, RVs, and jet-skis.
Product Details
| Brand | Meguiar's |
|---|---|
| Compatible Material | Gel-coat and Fiberglass Surfaces |
| Grit Material | Aluminum Oxide |
| Grit Material Type | Aluminum Oxide |
| Included Components | Great Product |
| Item Dimensions | 3.74 x 1.38 x 8.66 inches |
| Item Weight | 454 g |
Additional Product Information
| Dimensions | 3.74 x 1.38 x 8.66 inches |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Meguiar's |
| Material | Plastic |
| Model | M4916 |
| Warranty Description | Warranty |
Pros
- Designed for boat and RV finishes
- Removes heavy oxidation and surface degradation
- Uses diminishing polishing compound abrasives
- Restores vibrance and showroom shine
Cons
- Requires a separate sealant or wax for long-term protection.
Best for owners of boats, RVs, and jet-skis with significant gel coat or fiberglass oxidation, needing a powerful cleaner to restore a like-new appearance and shine.
8. 3D Speed All-In-One Polish & Wax – Scratch & Swirl Remover, Clear Coat Safe Paint Sealant – High Gloss Finish, Easy Application – 16oz – Made in USA

Best for: All-in-one paint correction and sealing.
3D Speed All-In-One Polish & Wax is an advanced car polish and wax that corrects and protects in one step. Its formula cuts through light swirls, oxidation, and scratches while sealing the surface with a protective wax coat.
This hybrid rubbing compound and finishing polish revives paint's original clarity and depth, delivering a wet, mirror-like gloss. It is suitable for dulled and tarnished car glass to improve vision and clarity. The 16-ounce wax form allows for easy application, correcting, polishing, and protecting all in a single step.
Product Details
| Brand | 3D |
|---|---|
| Item Form | Wax |
| Item Weight | 16 ounces |
| Model Number | 13 |
| Additional Information | Important information |
Pros
- Corrects and protects in one step
- Removes light swirls, oxidation, and scratches
- Restores color depth and gloss
- Suitable for car glass
Cons
- May not be aggressive enough for very heavy oxidation.
Ideal for car owners seeking an efficient, single-step solution to correct minor paint imperfections, remove oxidation, and add a protective shine to both paintwork and glass.
9. T-Cut Color Fast 3-in-1 Paint Restorer, Black – Scratch Remover, Ceramic Car Wax & Color Enhancer – Removes Swirls & Oxidation, 17 oz

Best for: 3-in-1 colored paint restorer.
T-Cut Color Fast 3-in-1 Paint Restorer is an easy way to clean, restore, and wax car paintwork, ideal for most finishes. Its advanced polymers, pigmented resins, and wax technology remove surface oxidation, blemishes, and minor scratches.
This black-colored paint restorer uses advanced polymers, pigmented resins, and wax technology to remove surface oxidation, ingrained dirt, bugs, and light surface scratches. It restores shine and luster to all paintwork, including metallics, leaving a deep gloss Triplewax shine. The formula is designed for effortless restoration.
Product Details
| Brand | T-Cut |
|---|---|
| Compatible Material | Metal |
| Grit Material | Polymers,Resin,Wax |
| Grit Material Type | Polymers,Resin,Wax |
| Included Components | T-Cut Color Fast 3-in-1 Paint Restorer, Black |
| Item Dimensions | 3.54 x 8.58 x 0.94 inches |
| Item Weight | 0.48 kg |
Additional Product Information
| Dimensions | 3.54 x 8.58 x 0.94 inches |
|---|---|
| Manufacturer | Tetrosyl Ltd |
| Material | Ceramic |
| Model | CMW002 |
| Additional Information | Important information Ingredients T-Cut Black Scratch Remover Color Fast Paintwork Restorer Car Polish – 17 Fl Oz 500ml – The 3 in 1 One Step Solution for Restoring Your Vehicles Bodywork |
Pros
- 3-in-1: cleans, restores, waxes
- Removes surface oxidation and minor scratches
- Restores shine and luster to all paintwork
- Leaves a deep gloss shine
Cons
- Specific color formulation may not suit all vehicle colors.
Suitable for users with most paint finishes, particularly those with black vehicles, looking for an effortless 3-in-1 solution to remove oxidation and enhance gloss.
10. Chemical Guys, All-in-One Polish, Shine & Paint Sealant, One Step, 16 oz

Best for: One-step polish, shine, and sealant.
Chemical Guys All-in-One Polish, Shine & Paint Sealant is a silicone-free, acrylic formula that polishes, shines, and protects paint in one easy step. It lifts light swirl marks and restores deep gloss while laying down a durable synthetic sealant.
This product works with foam applicator pads for hand polishing or dual-action and rotary machines, offering flexibility for detailers. The acrylic formula is strong enough to remove serious scratches, swirls, water spots, and other imperfections. It adds durable protection against the elements, serving as an ultimate car care solution.
Product Details
| Brand | Chemical Guys |
|---|---|
| Compatible Material | Acrylic |
| Grit Material | Aluminum Oxide |
| Grit Material Type | Aluminum Oxide |
| Item Dimensions | 8.27 x 2.36 x 2.36 inches |
| Item Weight | 16 ounces |
| Dimensions | 8.27 x 2.36 x 2.36 inches |
Additional Product Information
| Manufacturer | Chemical Guys |
|---|---|
| Material | Acrylic |
| Model | GAP_106_16SW |
| Warranty Description | Satisfaction guaranteed. See product for further details. |
Pros
- One step: polish, shine, and seal
- Removes light swirl marks and imperfections
- Works by hand or machine
- Provides durable synthetic sealant protection
Cons
- May require a separate product for very heavy oxidation.
Ideal for detailers and car enthusiasts seeking an efficient, all-in-one product to polish, shine, and protect paintwork, compatible with various application methods.
What Buyers Often Overlook
Match oxidation severity to product type
Choose the product type according to oxidation severity: cleaner waxes and all-in-one polishes fit light oxidation, while heavy-duty compounds and restorers fit dull or badly weathered finishes. Mothers California Gold Brazilian Carnauba Cleaner Wax uses light polishing action for light oxidation and swirls, making it a maintenance-oriented one-step option. 3D Speed, Chemical Guys All-in-One Polish, and Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Polish and Wax combine correction with wax or sealant protection and are positioned for light swirls, scratches, or oxidation.
STAR BRITE Premium Restorer Wax specifically targets medium to heavy oxidation. Turtle Wax Rubbing Compound & Heavy Duty Cleaner is intended for dull, badly weathered finishes, scratches, blemishes, and oxidation.
Meguiar’s M49 uses diminishing polishing abrasives for heavy oxidation and surface degradation, so it is a compound rather than a simple finishing wax.
The Key Product Trade-Off
Check surface material and paint color before choosing
Surface compatibility matters because several products are specialized beyond ordinary painted bodywork. Meguiar’s M49 is designed for gel coat and fiberglass surfaces typically found on boats and RVs, while STAR BRITE is formulated for colored fiberglass hulls but is also suitable for cars. These choices are more relevant to marine, RV, or fiberglass restoration than a general paint-only cleaner wax.
For black paint, Car Gods Black Carnauba Wax Polish and T-Cut Color Fast Black use pigments or pigmented resins to improve the appearance of black paintwork while addressing surface oxidation and minor defects. Those color-enhancing formulas may be a better visual fit for black finishes than a universal product.
If the goal is broader paint compatibility, Meguiar’s Ultimate Compound is described as clear-coat safe for gloss paints, and Chemical Guys offers hand or machine application.
Best Car Wax To Remove Oxidation: Buyer's Guide
Fit, Dimensions, and Compatibility
Compare the listed dimensions with the intended counter, cabinet, appliance, storage, or installation space. Confirm model compatibility and connection requirements where they are supplied. A useful feature cannot compensate for a product that does not physically fit or work with the buyer’s existing setup.
Capacity, Output, and Operating Format
Match listed capacity, volume, output, and operating mode to the actual household or work routine. Larger figures can support heavier use, while a smaller format may be easier to place and maintain. Treat daily output, immediate storage, and container capacity as separate specifications when the listing distinguishes them.
Materials, Construction, and Care
Use the listed materials and care instructions to judge cleaning effort, storage conditions, and compatibility with the intended use. Dishwasher, freezer, food-contact, or weather-related claims are included only when supplied for that product. Check whether routine care fits the way the product will be used.
Included Components and Setup Needs
Review the included components before planning installation or first use. Hoses, adapters, lids, paddles, bowls, brushes, controls, and manuals vary by listing. Confirm power, water, assembly, or accessory requirements from the supplied product information rather than assuming that separately pictured parts are included.
Which Should You Choose?
Choose STAR BRITE Premium Restorer Wax when medium to heavy oxidation and added UV or stain protection are the priority, especially on colored fiberglass or a vehicle. Choose Meguiar’s M49 or Turtle Wax Rubbing Compound for heavily degraded, dull, or badly weathered surfaces, with M49 favored for gel coat and fiberglass. For light oxidation, swirls, or a simple one-step routine, consider Mothers, 3D Speed, Chemical Guys, or Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions.
Choose Car Gods Black Carnauba Wax Polish or T-Cut Color Fast Black when black paint needs color-enhancing pigments. Choose Meguiar’s Ultimate Compound when scratch, swirl, water-spot, oxidation, and clear-coat-safe correction are the central concerns rather than wax alone.
Quick Buying Checklist
- Confirm the complete dimensions against the available space.
- Verify model, accessory, connection, and appliance compatibility.
- Match capacity or output to the expected amount of use.
- Compare materials and care instructions with the maintenance routine.
- Check the included components before planning setup or first use.
- Confirm listed power, water, storage, or installation requirements where applicable.
Frequently Asked Questions
How do I prepare my car before applying wax for oxidation?
Thoroughly wash and dry your vehicle to remove loose dirt and debris. This ensures the wax or compound can effectively bond with the paint surface and work on the oxidation without grinding in contaminants.
Can I use a rubbing compound on a daily driver?
Rubbing compounds are generally more abrasive and best suited for heavily oxidized or scratched surfaces. For daily drivers with light oxidation, a cleaner wax or polish might be a gentler and more appropriate choice.
What is the difference between a compound and a wax?
Compounds contain abrasives to remove imperfections like oxidation and scratches, essentially leveling the paint. Waxes primarily provide protection and shine, with some cleaner waxes offering mild polishing capabilities.
How often should I remove oxidation from my car?
The frequency depends on your car’s exposure to the elements. Generally, address visible oxidation as soon as it appears. Regular washing and waxing can help prevent severe oxidation buildup.
Are all-in-one products effective for oxidation?
Yes, many all-in-one products are designed to polish, remove light oxidation and scratches, and seal the paint in one step. They offer convenience and good results for moderate issues.
Final Words
For significant oxidation, products specifically labeled as removers or heavy-duty compounds are most effective. If your car has moderate issues or you prefer a simpler process, all-in-one polishes and waxes offer a good balance of cleaning and protection. Always follow product instructions for best results.