A strong car wash delivers controlled cleaning, useful lubrication, and a finish that suits the vehicle’s existing protection, making it practical for routine home washing. The products here range from gentle pH-neutral soaps for regular maintenance to wash-and-wax formulas that add gloss and water beading. Some are designed for a bucket, foam cannon, or hose gun, while others focus on air drying to reduce towel use.
Capacity also changes the fit: 16-ounce bottles suit occasional use, while 64-ounce and gallon containers make more sense for frequent washing. Check the formula, application method, and finish you want before choosing.
The key trade-off is straightforward: specialized convenience can reduce effort, while a basic soap may offer a simpler, more flexible wash routine.
The best wash for car use depends on your routine. Choose a pH-neutral formula such as Turtle Wax Pure Wash or Adam’s Polishes Car Wash Shampoo for regular cleaning and compatibility with wax, sealants, or coatings. Choose a wash-and-wax product when gloss and added protection matter, or Rain-X Spot Free Car Wash when air drying is the priority.
Foam-cannon users should look at Chemical Guys Mr. Pink, Chemical Guys Extreme Bodywash & Wax, or other formulas specified for foaming equipment.
Car Wash Soaps Compared
| Image | Product | Buy |
|---|---|---|
Best Pick 1 ![]() | Meguiar's Gold Class Car Wash, 1 Gallon Best for: Classic Shine Brand: Meguiar's | Included Components: Gold Class Car Wash | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 2 ![]() | Meguiar's Ultimate Wash and Wax, 1 Gallon Best for: Wash and Wax Brand: Meguiar's | Included Components: Ultimate Wash & Wax | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 3 ![]() | Chemical Guys Extreme Bodywash & Wax Car Wash Soap, 16 oz Best for: Body Wash and Wax Brand: Chemical Guys | Included Components: Product | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 4 ![]() | Chemical Guys, Mr. Pink Car Wash Soap, Foam Cannon & Bucket Wash, 64 oz Best for: Foam Cannon Use Brand: Chemical Guys | Included Components: Product | View on Amazon |
Best Pick 5 ![]() | Rain-X 620073 – Car Wash Deep Cleaning, High Foam Soap Provides Spot Free Shine with No Towel Or Hand Drying Needed – Car soap for car cleaning and detailing 48 fl oz Best for: Spot Free Shine Brand: Rain-X | Included Components: Car Wash | View on Amazon |
How We Compared These Products
We compared dimensions, capacity, materials, compatibility, included components, and care requirements across many Amazon listings. These details matter because the product must fit the available space, intended use, setup requirements, and maintenance routine. After examining the wider field, we selected 10 products from Meguiar’s, Chemical Guys, Rain-X, Turtle Wax, Armor All, Adam’s Polishes, and 3D.
The shortlist includes products such as Meguiar’s Gold Class Car Wash, Chemical Guys Extreme Bodywash & Wax Car Wash Soap, and Rain-X 620073 – Car Wash Deep Cleaning. Every recommendation is tied to information stated for that specific product; unclear or missing features were treated as unknown rather than filled with assumptions.
Detailed Reviews: Best Wash For Car
1. Meguiar’s Gold Class Car Wash, 1 Gallon

Best for: Classic car care.
Meguiar's Gold Class Car Wash offers a unique dual-action formula that washes and conditions your vehicle's paint in a single step. This 128-fluid ounce liquid soap ensures a thorough clean while leaving a polished finish, making it ideal for maintaining a showroom look.
This liquid car wash, with a 128 fluid ounce volume, is specifically formulated to wash and condition your vehicle's surface, providing a comprehensive care solution. Its wax-safe material feature ensures that existing protection layers are not stripped away during the washing process. The item form is liquid, making it easy to mix with water for a rich foam.
Product Details
| Brand | Meguiar's |
|---|---|
| Included Components | Gold Class Car Wash |
| Item Form | Liquid |
| Item Volume | 128 fluid ounces |
| Item Weight | 9.1 pounds |
| Manufacturer | Meguiar's |
| Material Features | Wax Safe |
Additional Product Information
| Model Number | G7101FFP |
|---|---|
| Size | 128 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) |
| Special Features | Washes and Conditions |
Pros
- Washes and conditions in one step
- Wax safe formula
- 128 fluid ounce volume
- Liquid item form
Cons
- Requires mixing 1 ounce per gallon
Ideal for car owners seeking a classic wash and condition experience. Best suited for routine maintenance where preserving existing wax is a priority, but requires precise dilution for optimal results.
2. Meguiar’s Ultimate Wash and Wax, 1 Gallon

Best for: Shine and protect.
Meguiar's Ultimate Wash and Wax provides a pH-neutral solution that cleans, shines, and protects your car's surface between waxings. This 128-fluid ounce formula enhances gloss and adds a layer of protection, ensuring your vehicle looks its absolute best with minimal effort.
This car soap and wax is pH neutral, making it compatible with all other Meguiar's washes and waxes for safe and effective cleaning. The 128-fluid ounce volume ensures ample supply for multiple washes. It's designed to clean, shine, and protect your car's surface, leaving a glossier ride and maintaining paint in-between regular waxings.
Product Details
| Brand | Meguiar's |
|---|---|
| Included Components | Ultimate Wash & Wax |
| Item Form | Liquid |
| Item Volume | 128 fluid ounces |
| Manufacturer | Meguiar's |
| Material Features | Liquid |
| Model Number | G17701 |
Additional Product Information
| Recommended Uses | Paint Protection |
|---|---|
| Size | 128 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) |
| Special Features | PH Neutral |
| Additional Information | Important information Ingredients Sodium C10-16 Alkylbenzenesulfonate,Sodium,C14-16 Olefin Sulfonate,Sodium Laureth Sulfate,Sodium Lauryl Sulfate,Lauramine Oxide,Cocamidopropyl Betaine,Bronopol,Acetophenone |
Pros
- Cleans, shines, and protects
- pH neutral formula
- Compatible with other Meguiar's products
- 128 fluid ounce volume
Cons
- Contains Sodium C10-16 Alkylbenzenesulfonate
Perfect for drivers who want to maintain a glossy finish and add protection between full wax jobs. Suitable for regular use, but check ingredients if sensitive to specific surfactants.
3. Chemical Guys Extreme Bodywash & Wax Car Wash Soap, 16 oz

Best for: Foam cannon ready.
Chemical Guys Extreme Bodywash & Wax is a premium two-in-one formula that combines high-foaming soap with natural carnauba wax. This 16-ounce liquid simplifies the wash process, delivering a deep clean, shine, and protection in a single step for enthusiasts and professionals.
This 16-fluid ounce car wash soap creates thick, clinging foam, ideal for use with pressure washer foam cannons or garden hose suds guns, as well as traditional two-bucket washing. The formula includes carnauba wax to add gloss and protection while washing. It's designed to save time by washing and waxing in one step.
Product Details
| Brand | Chemical Guys |
|---|---|
| Included Components | Product |
| Item Form | Liquid |
| Item Volume | 16 fluid ounces |
| Item Weight | 499 g |
| Manufacturer | Chemical Guys |
| Material Features | Scented |
Additional Product Information
| Model Number | CWS20716SW |
|---|---|
| Size | 16 Ounce (Pack of 1) |
| Special Features | Grape Scent, Save Time, Wash & Wax in one step, Wash & Wax Formula |
| Warranty Description | customer satisfaction |
| Additional Information | Important information Ingredients Car Wash Soap |
Pros
- Wash and wax in one step
- Creates thick, clinging foam
- Works with foam cannons/guns
- Adds gloss and protection
Cons
- 16 fluid ounce volume
Ideal for users with foam cannons or guns seeking a quick wash-and-wax solution. Best for those who prioritize efficiency and a glossy finish, but the smaller size may require frequent repurchasing.
4. Chemical Guys, Mr. Pink Car Wash Soap, Foam Cannon & Bucket Wash, 64 oz

Best for: Super suds maker.
Chemical Guys Mr. Pink Car Wash Soap is a fan favorite, renowned for its super sudsy foam action that safely lifts dirt and grime. This 64-fluid ounce concentrated formula works with foam cannons or bucket washes, reducing swirl marks and leaving paint spotless and glossy.
This 64-fluid ounce car wash soap is concentrated and designed to produce super sudsy foam, ideal for foam blasters, cannons, or bucket washes. The rich suds encapsulate dirt and grime, providing maximum lubrication to reduce surface scratches. It's formulated to leave paint, glass, wheels, and trim spotless and glossy.
Product Details
| Brand | Chemical Guys |
|---|---|
| Included Components | Product |
| Item Form | Liquid |
| Item Volume | 64 fluid ounces |
| Item Weight | 4.4 pounds |
| Manufacturer | Chemical Guys |
| Material Features | Concentrated |
Additional Product Information
| Model Number | CWS_402_64SW |
|---|---|
| Size | 64 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) |
| Special Features | Super Sudsy Foam |
Pros
- Produces super sudsy foam
- Reduces swirl marks
- Maximum lubrication
- Works with foam cannons
Cons
- Causes serious eye irritation
Excellent for enthusiasts who love thick foam and a safe, lubricating wash. Best for use with foam cannons or for those who want to minimize wash-induced scratches, but requires careful handling due to eye irritation potential.
5. Rain-X 620073 – Car Wash Deep Cleaning, High Foam Soap Provides Spot Free Shine with No Towel Or Hand Drying Needed – Car soap for car cleaning and detailing 48 fl oz

Best for: No-towel drying.
Rain-X Spot Free Car Wash offers a deep cleaning, high-foam soap that provides a spot-free shine without needing towel or hand drying. This 48-fluid ounce concentrated formula uses rinsing polymers to sheet water off, allowing for fast air drying and a convenient, time-saving wash.
This 48-fluid ounce car wash soap features a concentrated formula requiring only 1oz per wash, making it economical. Its unique blend of rinsing polymers causes water to sheet off the vehicle, enabling fast air drying and eliminating the need for towel drying. The biodegradable and pH-balanced formula is safe for all exterior surfaces.
Product Details
| Brand | Rain-X |
|---|---|
| Included Components | Car Wash |
| Item Form | Liquid |
| Item Volume | 1420.8 ml |
| Item Weight | 200 g |
| Manufacturer | Rain-X |
| Material Feature | Biodegradable |
Additional Product Information
| Material Features | Biodegradable |
|---|---|
| Free From | Dye Free |
| Model Number | 620034 |
| Recommended Uses | Fleet and plant maintenance. |
| Size | 48 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) |
| Special Features | Concentrated |
| Additional Information | Important information Ingredients Car Wash |
Pros
- No towel drying needed
- Spot-free shine
- Concentrated formula
- Biodegradable and pH balanced
Cons
- Recommended uses for fleet and plant maintenance
Ideal for users prioritizing convenience and a spot-free finish without the effort of drying. Best for those who want to air dry their vehicles, but may be overkill for simple touch-ups.
6. Turtle Wax Pure Wash Foaming pH Neutral Car Soap, 64 oz. (Pack of 1)

Best for: Gentle foam wash.
Turtle Wax Pure Wash Foaming pH Neutral Car Soap delivers gentle cleaning with extreme foam, breaking down tough dirt and grime without stripping protective coatings. This 64-ounce liquid soap is safe for all exterior car surfaces and rinses easily for a streak-free, swirl-free finish.
This pH-neutral foaming car wash, in a 64-ounce size, is safe for use on all exterior car surfaces, including wax, sealants, and ceramic coatings. Its uniquely formulated thick, clinging foam encapsulates dirt and lifts it safely from the car surface. The liquid soap can be used with a traditional bucket or a foam sprayer for versatile application.
Product Details
| Brand | Turtle Wax |
|---|---|
| Included Components | (1) Pro Pure Wash – Extreme Foaming Car Wash Formula, 64 Fl Oz. |
| Item Form | Foaming,Liquid |
| Item Weight | 400 g |
| Manufacturer | Turtle Wax |
| Model Number | 54320 |
| Recommended Uses | Cleans |
Additional Product Information
| Warranty Description | No Warranty |
|---|---|
| Additional Information | Important information Safety Information Keep out of reach of children. Ingredients Car Wash Soap Directions Rinse vehicle thoroughly and use out of direct sunlight. Do not apply to surfaces that are hot to the touch. Complete a thorough hand wash before proceeding to mechanical decontamination. |
Pros
- pH neutral and gentle
- Safe for coatings
- Extreme foam action
- Streak-free finish
Cons
- Do not apply to hot surfaces
Suitable for car owners who want a gentle yet effective foam wash that preserves existing protection. Best for regular maintenance washes, but avoid application on hot vehicle surfaces.
7. Armor All Ultra Shine Car Wash and Car Wax,Cleaning Fluid for Cars,Trucks,Motorcycles,64 Fl Oz Each,(Pack of 3)

Best for: Wax and clean multi-pack.
Armor All Ultra Shine Car Wash and Car Wax offers a powerful cleaning fluid that lifts dirt and road grime while adding shine and protection. This pack of three 64-fluid ounce bottles features a blend of cleaning agents, lubricants, and carnauba wax for an easy, one-step process.
This car wash and wax in one features a proprietary blend of cleaning agents, surface lubricants, and real carnauba wax to clean, shine, and protect in a single step. The concentrated formula produces thick suds that gently lift away dirt and road grime, while also aiding water beading for a faster dry time. The pack contains three 64-fluid ounce bottles.
Product Details
| Brand | Armor All |
|---|---|
| Container Type | Jug |
| Included Components | Automotive, Accessories, Parts and replacements |
| Item Form | Liquid |
| Item Volume | 5.67 liters |
| Item Weight | 6 kg |
| Manufacturer | Armor All |
Additional Product Information
| Material Features | Fragrance Free |
|---|---|
| Model Number | 10346 |
| Package Size Name | 64 Fluid Ounces |
| Recommended Uses | Home |
| Size | 64 Fl Oz (Pack of 3) |
| Special Features | Armor All Concentrated Car Wash 64 oz |
| Additional Information | Important information |
Pros
- Cleans, shines, and protects
- Contains real carnauba wax
- Lifts dirt and aids water beading
- Pack of three 64 fl oz bottles
Cons
- Contains Dimethicone
Ideal for households needing multiple bottles for cars, trucks, and motorcycles. Best for users who want a combined wash and wax for convenience, but consider the ingredients if sensitive to silicones.
8. Adam’s Polishes Car Wash Shampoo (Gallon) – pH Best Car Wash Soap For Snow Foam Cannon or Gun For Pressure Washer & 5 Gallon Bucket, Powerful Safe Spot Free Cleaning Liquid Auto Detergent

Best for: Sunlight safe wash.
Adam's Polishes Car Wash Shampoo is a pH-neutral formula perfect for weekly maintenance washing, even in full sunlight. This 128-fluid ounce gallon jug uses advanced chemical technology to suspend harmful mineral content in water, creating a slick feel that safely lifts dirt.
This pH-neutral wash soap, available in a 128-fluid ounce gallon size, is designed for weekly maintenance washing and can be used in full sunlight. Its state-of-the-art chemical technology suspends harmful mineral content in water, lubricating paint surfaces to safely lift dirt and reduce the chance of clear coat damage. It produces thick, luxurious suds.
Product Details
| Brand | Adam's Polishes |
|---|---|
| Item Form | Liquid |
| Item Volume | 128 fluid ounces |
| Manufacturer | Adam's Polishes |
| Material Features | PH Neutral |
| Model Number | CWS |
| Size | 128 Fl Oz (Pack of 1) |
Additional Product Information
| Special Features | PH Neutral |
|---|---|
| Additional Information | Important information Safety Information Keep Out Of Reach From Children |
Pros
- pH neutral
- Safe for use in sunlight
- Suspends mineral content
- Reduces clear coat damage
Cons
- Requires careful handling
Perfect for detail-oriented owners who wash frequently, even in sunny conditions. Best for maintaining a clean surface while protecting the clear coat, but requires adherence to safety information.
9. 3D Wash N Wax Car Wash Soap – pH Balanced, Easy Rinse, Scratch Free Soap with Wax Protection – 1 Gallon

Best for: Wax protection soap.
3D Wash N Wax Car Wash Soap is a pH-balanced, concentrated formula that cleans and shines in one step, infused with protective wax polymers. This 1-gallon liquid delivers a slick, high-gloss finish and is safe for waxed surfaces, preserving existing protection layers.
This 1-gallon (128-ounce) concentrated car shampoo is infused with protective wax polymers, allowing it to clean and shine in one go. Its pH-balanced formula is tough on grime but gentle on wax, sealants, and ceramic coatings, preserving your existing protection. It provides an ultimate wet look, silky soft feel, and deep shine finish.
Product Details
| Brand | 3D |
|---|---|
| Item Form | Liquid |
| Item Volume | 1 gallons |
| Item Weight | 8 pounds |
| Manufacturer | 3D Car Care Products |
| Material Features | Concentrated |
| Model Number | 201G01 |
Additional Product Information
| Recommended Uses | Indoor/Outdoor |
|---|---|
| Size | 128 Ounce (Pack of 1) |
| Special Features | Concentrated |
| Additional Information | Important information |
Pros
- Wash and wax in one step
- pH balanced and safe for waxes
- Preserves protection layers
- Concentrated formula
Cons
- Requires 1 gallon volume
Ideal for users who want to simplify their washing routine while adding wax protection. Best for routine maintenance between full detailing, but the 1-gallon size is substantial for smaller needs.
10. Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Car Wash & Wax, 48 oz. (Pack of 1)

Best for: Ceramic coating wash.
Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Car Wash & Wax is an all-in-one cleaning solution with advanced SiO2 polymers that cleans, shines, and protects in one easy step. This 48-ounce formula leaves a hydrophobic shield, repelling dirt and grime for a spot-free, ceramic-infused finish.
This ceramic-infused car wash soap, in a 48-ounce bottle, cleans, shines, and protects with its advanced SiO2 polymers. It creates a hydrophobic shield that lasts for months, causing water to bead instantly and repel dirt. The formula enhances color, gloss, and paint clarity, providing buildable coverage and shine.
Product Details
| Brand | Turtle Wax |
|---|---|
| Included Components | (1) Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Wash and Wax |
| Item Form | Fl |
| Item Weight | 85 g |
| Manufacturer | Turtle Wax |
| Model Number | 53411 |
| Package Size Name | 48 Fl Oz |
Additional Product Information
| Recommended Uses | For Polishing, For Paint Protection, Removes Dirt, Removes Water Spots |
|---|---|
| Warranty Description | no warranty |
| Additional Information | Important information Ingredients Water,Dimethicone,Lauramine Oxide,Cocomidopropyl Betaine,Fragrance,Amorphous Silica,Polixetonium Chloride,Acetic Acid,Colorant |
Pros
- Ceramic-infused formula
- Creates hydrophobic shield
- Enhances gloss and clarity
- Cleans, shines, and protects
Cons
- Requires 3 fl. oz. per gallon
Perfect for car owners seeking advanced ceramic protection and a hydrophobic finish with every wash. Best for those who want long-lasting shine and water beading, but requires specific dilution ratios.
What Buyers Often Overlook
Bottle size and washing frequency
Bottle size is the clearest fit factor when choosing among these car washes. The 16-ounce Chemical Guys Extreme Bodywash & Wax is suited to shoppers who want a smaller container, while 48-ounce options from Rain-X and Turtle Wax provide a middle capacity. The 64-ounce sizes from Chemical Guys, Turtle Wax, and Armor All offer more product for recurring home use, and the gallon formats from Meguiar’s, Adam’s Polishes, and 3D are geared toward owners who wash often or want a larger reserve.
Capacity does not by itself indicate cleaning strength, so compare it with the product’s use instructions and application method. Meguiar’s Gold Class specifies 1 ounce per gallon of water, while Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Car Wash & Wax specifies 3 fluid ounces per gallon.
Follow each label rather than assuming every concentrate has the same dilution.
The Key Product Trade-Off
Formula compatibility and finish trade-offs
Formula choice determines whether the wash mainly cleans, adds protection, or simplifies drying. pH-neutral or pH-balanced options, including Meguiar’s Ultimate Wash and Wax, Turtle Wax Pure Wash, Adam’s Polishes Car Wash Shampoo, Rain-X Spot Free Car Wash, and 3D Wash N Wax, are positioned for routine paint care; several are also described as compatible with wax, sealants, or ceramic coatings. Wash-and-wax formulas add a different benefit: Meguiar’s, Chemical Guys Extreme Bodywash & Wax, Armor All Ultra Shine Car Wash and Car Wax, 3D Wash N Wax, and Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Car Wash & Wax combine cleaning with gloss, wax, water beading, or ceramic-related protection.
Rain-X emphasizes rinsing polymers for air drying. That convenience can matter more than extra foam if towel drying is the part of washing you want to avoid.
Best Wash For Car: Buyer's Guide
Fit, Dimensions, and Compatibility
Compare the listed dimensions with the intended counter, cabinet, appliance, storage, or installation space. Confirm model compatibility and connection requirements where they are supplied. A useful feature cannot compensate for a product that does not physically fit or work with the buyer’s existing setup.
Capacity, Output, and Operating Format
Match listed capacity, volume, output, and operating mode to the actual household or work routine. Larger figures can support heavier use, while a smaller format may be easier to place and maintain. Treat daily output, immediate storage, and container capacity as separate specifications when the listing distinguishes them.
Materials, Construction, and Care
Use the listed materials and care instructions to judge cleaning effort, storage conditions, and compatibility with the intended use. Dishwasher, freezer, food-contact, or weather-related claims are included only when supplied for that product. Check whether routine care fits the way the product will be used.
Included Components and Setup Needs
Review the included components before planning installation or first use. Hoses, adapters, lids, paddles, bowls, brushes, controls, and manuals vary by listing. Confirm power, water, assembly, or accessory requirements from the supplied product information rather than assuming that separately pictured parts are included.
Which Should You Choose?
Choose Meguiar’s Gold Class Car Wash when you want a large, wax-safe wash that washes and conditions. Pick Meguiar’s Ultimate Wash and Wax or 3D Wash N Wax when cleaning and added gloss or protection should happen together. For foam-cannon, hose-gun, or bucket flexibility, Chemical Guys Mr.
Pink and Chemical Guys Extreme Bodywash & Wax provide clearly stated foaming compatibility. Select Turtle Wax Pure Wash or Adam’s Polishes Car Wash Shampoo for pH-neutral routine maintenance, especially when preserving wax, sealants, or coatings matters.
Rain-X Spot Free Car Wash fits an air-drying routine, while Turtle Wax Hybrid Solutions Ceramic Car Wash & Wax suits shoppers seeking water beading and a ceramic-infused wash. Armor All’s three-bottle 64-ounce pack suits users wanting multiple containers of a wash-and-wax formula.
Quick Buying Checklist
- Confirm the complete dimensions against the available space.
- Verify model, accessory, connection, and appliance compatibility.
- Match capacity or output to the expected amount of use.
- Compare materials and care instructions with the maintenance routine.
- Check the included components before planning setup or first use.
- Confirm listed power, water, storage, or installation requirements where applicable.
Frequently Asked Questions
What is the difference between car wash soap and dish soap?
Car wash soap is specifically formulated to safely lift dirt and grime from automotive paint without stripping protective waxes or sealants. Dish soap, while effective at cleaning, can be too harsh for car finishes, potentially removing protective layers and leaving the paint vulnerable to damage.
Can I use a car wash soap with a foam cannon?
Yes, many car wash soaps are designed to create a rich, thick foam when used with a foam cannon or pressure washer. This foam helps to encapsulate dirt, allowing it to be safely rinsed away, minimizing the risk of scratches during the washing process.
What does 'pH neutral' mean for car soap?
A pH-neutral car soap has a balanced pH level that is neither acidic nor alkaline. This ensures it cleans effectively without stripping existing wax, sealants, or ceramic coatings from your vehicle’s paintwork, preserving its protective layers.
How do I achieve a spot-free rinse?
To achieve a spot-free rinse, use a high-quality car wash soap that rinses away easily. After washing, rinse the vehicle thoroughly with clean water, working from top to bottom. Drying immediately with a clean microfiber towel can also help prevent water spots.
What is the benefit of a wash and wax product?
Wash and wax products offer a convenient two-in-one solution. They clean your car’s surface while simultaneously depositing a thin layer of wax. This adds a layer of protection and enhances gloss with each wash, saving time compared to separate washing and waxing steps.
Final Words
Selecting the right car wash soap depends on your desired finish and washing method. For a simple clean, classic formulas work well. If you want added gloss and protection, opt for wash and wax or ceramic-infused options.
For enthusiasts, soaps designed for foam cannons offer superior cleaning and lubrication.